Here is something you can spend a week or more to decipher, they took cells from 12 people and stimulated them with cell messengers and saw what they produce…They they dividied the cells up into different T types and for the T cell followers you get your cake and you can eat it but for the B cell followers amongst you they get lumped together as usual and they focus on two B cells naive and intermediate which a transitional cell according to google AI…so much have been naughty this year as no mention of memory B cells….They looked at multiple sclerosis and didn’t really mention CD4 T cells but beta interferon did get a mention for natural killer cell and B cell activity and there was a cytotoxic profile…
Have a read to see if it get your juices going or if it will be a aid for insomnia. It isn’t for the faint hearted and I haven’t done the paper justice but it is Christmas day.
The CoI is that there is a company spin out behind this…but I am of to eat my Turkey and Trimmings and ask why aren’t you doing the same….
Happy Holidays
Oesinghaus L, Becker S, Vornholz L, Papalexi E, Pangallo J, Moinfar AA, Liu J, Fleur A, Shulman M, Marrujo S, Hariadi B, Curca C, Suyama A, Nigos M, Sanderson O, Nguyen H, Tran VK, Sapre AA, Kaplan O, Schroeder S, Salvino A, Gallareta-Olivares G, Koehler R, Geiss G, Rosenberg AB, Roco CM, Seelig G, Theis FJ. A single-cell cytokine dictionary of human peripheral blood. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 Dec 15:2025.12.12.693897.
Cytokines (cell messengers) orchestrate immune responses, yet we still lack a comprehensive understanding of their specific effects across human immune cells due to their pleiotropy (more than one action) , context dependence and extensive functional redundancy (many cytokines can do the same thing). Here, we present a Human Cytokine Dictionary, created from high-resolution single-cell transcriptomes of 9,697,974 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 12 donors stimulated in vitro with 90 different cytokines (Bit of a Harry Enfield moment here as this means “Loads of Money“) . We describe donor-specific response variation and uncover robust consensus cytokine signatures across individuals. We then delineate similarities between cytokine response profiles, and derive cytokine-induced immune programs that organize responsive genes into data-driven, biologically interpretable functional modules. By integrating cell type-specific responses with expression of cytokines, we infer higher-order cell-to-cell and cytokine-to-cytokine communication networks exemplified by an IL-32-β-initiated signaling cascade (Induces a number of other pro-inflammatory cytokines), which rewires myeloid programs by inducing neutrophil-recruiting factors while suppressing Th1-responses and promoting IL-10-family cytokines. Finally, we show how the Human Cytokine Dictionary enables the interpretation of cytokine-driven immune responses in other studies and disease contexts, including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Together, the Human Cytokine Dictionary constitutes the first comprehensive cell type-resolved transcriptional screen of human cytokine responses and provides an essential open-access, easy-to-use community resource with accompanying software package to advance our understanding of cytokine biology in human disease and guide therapeutic discovery.
Disclaimer. My views and my views only
Source: multiple-sclerosis-research.org